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Kadam, U. S.
- Study of White Onion (Alium cepa L.) on Yield and Economics Under Pulse Irrigation (Drip) For Different Irrigation Levels
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
3 All India Co-ordinated Research on Irrigation Water Management, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
3 All India Co-ordinated Research on Irrigation Water Management, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 11, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 128-134Abstract
The field experiment was conducted during two Rabi seasons from 12th November, 2014 to 26th April, 2015 and 23rd November, 2015 to 4th May 2016, on sandy clay loam soil at Instructional Farm of Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidypeeth, Dapoli, India (latitude 170 45’ N and longitude 730 10’ E and altitude of 250 m). The experiment was arranged in twelve treatment combinations with strip plot design as horizontal factor (main treatment) one continuous irrigation (P1), two pulses (P2), three pulses (P3) and four pulses (P4), while vertical factor (sub treatment) as irrigation levels viz., I1 (0.80 ETC), I2 (1.0 ETC) and I3 (1.20 ETC) treatments. It was revealed that the average seasonal water applied to white onion under pulse irrigation (drip) through different irrigation levels varied from 276.8 mm for I1 (0.8 ETC) to 429.0 mm for I3 (1.2 ETC) irrigation levels. Among the different treatment combination I2P4 (irrigation level I2 (1.0 ETC) with four pulse treatment P4) was found 38.52 t.ha-1 and significantly superior over I1P1 (irrigation level I1 (0.8 ETC) with continuous irrigation P1). The production cost of Rs. 4,47,366 and Rs. 4,42,962 ha-1, gross returns of Rs. 9,63,000 and Rs. 9,31,500 ha-1, net returns of Rs. 5,15,634 and Rs. 4,88,538 ha-1 and B C ratio of 2.15 and 2.10, were observed for I2P4 and I3P4 treatment combinations, respectively. Average water use efficiency was found maximum for I1P4 (11.93 q ha-1 cm-1) treatment combination followed by I1P3 (11.33 q ha-1cm-1) and I2P4 (10.99 q ha-1cm-1) treatment combinations, respectively.Keywords
Pulse Irrigation (Drip), Irrigation Scheduling, Water Use Efficiency, White Onion, Cost of Production, Net Returns, B : C Ratio.
References
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- Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of Small Scale Grey Water Treatment Plant
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
1 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 11, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 335-338Abstract
The design, development of grey water system was done by using locally available filtration and adsorbent media and its performance was evaluated. The media size and depth decided by experiment were sand (0.42 mm), grit (6-8 mm), gravel (15-25 mm), brick pieces (25-30 mm) and charcoal (12-16 mm) (Zainudin and Abundi, 2011) having layer thickness of 450 mm, 450 mm, 150 mm, 300 mm and 30 mm, respectively.The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of designed filter was 1.33 hours at hydraulic loading rate of (HLR) of 3.77 m day-1. The filtration area of one square meter would have capacity of 3770 lit.day-1.At steady state head of 1.5 m, the overall performance of the combined systemwas 82.70 per cent BOD removal, 85.10 per cent COD removal, 78.78 per cent oil and grease removal, 69.23 per cent residual sodium carbonate removal (RSC), 21.33 per cent reduction in sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and 31.19 per cent TDS removal, respectively, were noted. The pH of the entire system remained stable (7.32 ± 0.5) throughout the experiment. The calcium, bicarbonate, potassium, nitrogen, magnesium, sodium, were also reduced after filtration by 20, 44.82, 48.76, 5.55, 33.33, 31.42 per cent, respectively. Generally, the final effluent was found to be suitable for a range of uses such as toilet flushing, irrigation and fire protection.Keywords
Grey Water, Grey Water Filter, Hydraulic Retention Time, Filtration Area.References
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- Zainudin, Naji and Abundi (2011). The effect of sand filter characteristics on removal efficiency of organic matter from grey water. Al-Qadisiya J. Engg. Sci., 4 (2) : 143-149.